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//博文https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/18051
// zkw 单点修改 区间查询 例子
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
//快读
int read() {
int x = 0, f = 1;
char ch = getchar();
while (ch < '0' || ch > '9') {
if (ch == '-') f = -1;
ch = getchar();
}
while (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') {
x = (x << 3) + (x << 1) + (ch ^ 48);
ch = getchar();
}
return x * f;
}
const int N = 1e5 + 10; // limit for array size
int n; // array size
int t[N << 1]; // 2倍内存
void build() { //构建zkw线段树
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) t[n + i] = read(); //数据从下标n开始读
for (int i = n - 1; i; i--) t[i] = t[i << 1] + t[i << 1 | 1]; //父亲结点们更新统计信息sum和
}
//单点修改
void modify(int p, int value) { // set value at position p
//① 将指定位置p的对应叶子结点位置修改为value
//② 修改指定结点的父亲们,p>>1就是不断的向上找父亲节点,不断向上更新sum和
for (t[p += n] = value; p > 1; p >>= 1) t[p >> 1] = t[p] + t[p ^ 1];
}
//区间查询
int query(int l, int r) { // sum on interval [l, r)
int res = 0;
for (l += n, r += n; l < r; l >>= 1, r >>= 1) {
//① 如果l是奇数l是父亲的右孩子(看一下上面的图,确实是右孩子)
// (1) 此时,只有它自己有用,它的父亲不包含在查询区间内。自己加上,把略过即可
// (2) 怎么略过呢?巧妙的办法:本轮次不加自己父亲,下软移动到右边的兄弟节点的父亲上去! l= (l+1) >> 1
//② 如果l是偶数那么l就是父亲的左儿子整个区间完整命中直接研究它父亲的sum即可 l>>=1
if (l & 1) res += t[l++];
//与上面代码对称的写法
if (r & 1) res += t[--r];
}
return res;
}
/*
输入样例:
15
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
输出样例:
52
手工验证
[3,11)
3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10=52 正确
*/
int main() {
//文件输入输出
#ifndef ONLINE_JUDGE
freopen("zkw_Study_1.in", "r", stdin);
#endif
n = read();
build();
//单点修改的例子,后面查询没用上这个修改
modify(0, 1);
//区间查询,左闭右开
printf("%d\n", query(3, 11));
return 0;
}