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韦达定理

### 练习题一

解题过程 直接求解一元二次方程?不行的,因为方程里面除了x外,还有一个a,没法直接解的。

从方程的两个根x_1,x_2看的出来,可以使用韦达定理。


\large \left\{\begin{matrix}
 x_1+x_2=-\frac{b}{a}&=1-3a \\ 
 x_1  x_2=\frac{c}{a}&=2a^2-1 
\end{matrix}\right.

目标式:(3x_1-x_2)(x_1-3x_2)=3x_1^2-10 x_1 x_2+3x_2^2=3(x_1^2+x_2^2)-10x_1x_2

为了能转化为x_1+x_2的形式,需要进行一下配方:

=3(x_1^2+2x_1x_2+x_2^2-2x_1x_2)-10x_1x_2 =3(x_1+x_2)^2-16x_1x_2 =3(1-3a)^2-16(2a^2-1) =3(1-6a+9a^2)-32a^2+16 =3-18a+27a^2-32a^2+16 -5a^2-18a+19=-80 5a^2+18a-19=80 5a^2+18a-99=0 转化为一元二次方程形式,根据求根公式,计算 a=\frac{-18 \pm \sqrt{18^2+4*5*99}}{2\times 5}

a=\frac{-18 \pm 48}{10}

\therefore a_1=-6.6,a_2=3

易错点

因为使用了求根公式,能够得到实数根的前提是方程有实数根,即要求\triangle=b^2-4ac>=0 验证一下两个根: 计算\triangle=b^2-4ac=(3a-1)^2- 4 \times (2a^2-1)

  • a_1=3代入,\triangle=8^2-4\times 17=-4<0 ,此解需要舍去

  • a_2=-6.6代入,20.8^2-4\times (-2*6.6*6.6-1)>0

所以,最终的答案只有a=-6.6