#include using namespace std; typedef unordered_map MSI; typedef unordered_map> MSP; string st, ed = "12345678x"; //上下左右 char op[] = {'u', 'd', 'l', 'r'}; int dx[] = {-1, 1, 0, 0}; int dy[] = {0, 0, -1, 1}; //前驱 MSP pre; //伟大的结构体放光芒 struct Node { int dist; string str; bool operator<(const Node &t) const { return dist > t.dist; //距离大的反而小,距离小的反而大。所以,配合优先队列(大顶堆),小的在上,大的在下 } }; //估值函数,用曼哈顿距离估值 int f(string str) { int res = 0; for (int i = 0; i < str.size(); i++) if (str[i] != 'x') { int t = str[i] - '1'; res += abs(i / 3 - t / 3) + abs(i % 3 - t % 3); } return res; } string astar() { MSI dist; priority_queue q; //将估价函数与字符串形成数对,放入到优先队列中 q.push({f(st), st}); dist[st] = 0; //记录距离为0 while (q.size()) { string t = q.top().str; q.pop(); if (t == ed) break; int k = t.find('x'); int tx = k / 3, ty = k % 3; for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { int x = tx + dx[i], y = ty + dy[i]; if (x < 0 || x >= 3 || y < 0 || y >= 3) continue; //出界 string v = t; //将t字符串复制出来一个,生成 v字符串 swap(v[k], v[x * 3 + y]); //将原字符串中x与目标位置进行交换,生成新的目标状态字符串v if (dist[v]) continue; dist[v] = dist[t] + 1; // 更新最小值 q.push({dist[v] + f(v), v}); // 将新的估价函数计算更新,重新入队列 pre[v] = {op[i], t}; } } //将路径倒转过来 string res; while (ed != st) { res += pre[ed].first; ed = pre[ed].second; } reverse(res.begin(), res.end()); return res; } int main() { char c; for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) cin >> c, st += c; //八数码定理 int nums = 0; for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) { if (st[i] == 'x') continue; for (int j = i + 1; j < 9; j++) { if (st[j] == 'x') continue; if (st[j] < st[i]) nums++; //逆序数 } } //奇数个逆序对,无解 if (nums & 1) puts("unsolvable"); else //运行astar算法,返回最短距离 cout << astar() << endl; return 0; }