#include using namespace std; const int N = 1e5 + 10, M = N << 1; int n, m; // 链式前向星 int e[M], h[N], idx, w[M], ne[M]; void add(int a, int b, int c = 0) { e[idx] = b, ne[idx] = h[a], w[idx] = c, h[a] = idx++; } int res[N]; void dfs(int u, int val) { if (res[u]) return; // 如果已经标记过,不用重复标记 res[u] = val; // 没有标记过,就标记一下 for (int i = h[u]; ~i; i = ne[i]) { int j = e[i]; if (!res[j]) dfs(j, val); } } int main() { memset(h, -1, sizeof h); cin >> n >> m; while (m--) { int a, b; cin >> a >> b; add(b, a); } for (int i = n; i >= 1; i--) dfs(i, i); for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) cout << res[i] << ' '; return 0; }