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##[$AcWing$ $1191$. 家谱树](https://www.acwing.com/problem/content/1193/)
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### 一、题目描述
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有个人的家族很大,辈分关系很混乱,请你帮整理一下这种关系。
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给出每个人的孩子的信息。
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输出一个序列,使得每个人的孩子都比那个人后列出。
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**输入格式**
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第 $1$ 行一个整数 $n$,表示家族的人数;
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接下来 $n$ 行,第$i$ 行描述第 $i$ 个人的孩子;
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每行最后是 $0$ 表示描述完毕。
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每个人的编号从 $1$ 到 $n$。
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**输出格式**
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输出一个序列,使得每个人的孩子都比那个人后列出;
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数据保证一定有解,如果有多解输出任意一解。
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**数据范围**
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$1≤n≤100$
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**输入样例**:
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```cpp {.line-numbers}
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5
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0
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4 5 1 0
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1 0
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5 3 0
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3 0
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```
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**输出样例**:
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```cpp {.line-numbers}
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2 4 5 3 1
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```
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### 二、知识铺垫
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[前导知识](https://www.cnblogs.com/littlehb/p/16935872.html)
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### 三、实现代码
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```cpp {.line-numbers}
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#include <bits/stdc++.h>
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using namespace std;
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const int N = 110, M = N * N;
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int n;
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int din[N];
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// 链式前向星
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int e[M], h[N], idx, w[M], ne[M];
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void add(int a, int b, int c = 0) {
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e[idx] = b, ne[idx] = h[a], w[idx] = c, h[a] = idx++;
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}
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vector<int> path;
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// 求拓扑序的模板
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/*
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① 所有入度为0的点入队列
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② 队头元素出队,遍历它相临的点,并且将相临的点入度-1
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③ 如果减1后的入度为0,则此点入队列,意味着它的前序依赖已完成
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*/
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void topsort() {
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queue<int> q;
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// 所有入度为0的入队列
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for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
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if (din[i] == 0) q.push(i);
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while (q.size()) {
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int u = q.front();
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q.pop();
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path.push_back(u);
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for (int i = h[u]; ~i; i = ne[i]) {
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int v = e[i];
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din[v]--;
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if (din[v] == 0) q.push(v);
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}
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}
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}
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int main() {
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memset(h, -1, sizeof h);
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scanf("%d", &n);
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for (int a = 1; a <= n; a++) {
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int b;
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while (scanf("%d", &b), b) { // b==0时结束读入
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add(a, b);
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din[b]++; // 入度++
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}
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}
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// 拓扑序
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topsort();
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// 输出任意一组拓扑序
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for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) printf("%d ", path[i]);
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return 0;
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}
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```
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### 四、如果要求输出由小到大的字典序
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```cpp {.line-numbers}
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#include <bits/stdc++.h>
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using namespace std;
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const int N = 110, M = N * N;
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int n;
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int din[N];
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// 链式前向星
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int e[M], h[N], idx, w[M], ne[M];
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void add(int a, int b, int c = 0) {
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e[idx] = b, ne[idx] = h[a], w[idx] = c, h[a] = idx++;
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}
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vector<int> path;
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// 如果要按字典序输出拓扑序,那么使用小顶堆即可
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void topsort() {
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priority_queue<int, vector<int>, greater<int>> q;
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// 所有入度为0的入队列
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for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
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if (din[i] == 0) q.push(i);
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while (q.size()) {
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int u = q.top();
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q.pop();
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path.push_back(u);
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for (int i = h[u]; ~i; i = ne[i]) {
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int v = e[i];
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din[v]--;
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if (din[v] == 0) q.push(v);
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}
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}
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}
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int main() {
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memset(h, -1, sizeof h);
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cin >> n;
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for (int a = 1; a <= n; a++) {
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int b;
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while (cin >> b, b) {
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add(a, b);
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din[b]++; // 入度++
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}
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}
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// 拓扑序
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topsort();
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// 输出任意一组拓扑序
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for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) printf("%d ", path[i]);
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return 0;
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}
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```
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