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2 years ago
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int N = 5e5 + 10, M = 4e6 + 10;
typedef pair<int, int> PII;
#define x first
#define y second
// 链式前向星
int e[M], h[N], idx, w[M], ne[M];
void add(int a, int b, int c = 0) {
e[idx] = b, ne[idx] = h[a], w[idx] = c, h[a] = idx++;
}
int dfn[N], low[N], ts, root;
set<PII> _set;
void tarjan(int u, int fa) {
dfn[u] = low[u] = ++ts;
// 对比有向图强连通分量的代码,这里没有入栈的操作,原因是本题只想求割边,并不是想缩点,
// 怀疑缩点时就需要加入stk,in_stk等操作了待验证
for (int i = h[u]; ~i; i = ne[i]) {
int v = e[i];
if (v == fa) continue;
if (!dfn[v]) {
tarjan(v, u);
low[u] = min(low[u], low[v]);
// 记录割边,论证过的结论
if (low[v] > dfn[u]) _set.insert({u, v}); // SET天生会排序按first由小到大
} else
low[u] = min(low[u], dfn[v]);
}
}
int n, m;
int main() {
#ifndef ONLINE_JUDGE
freopen("P1656.in", "r", stdin);
#endif
memset(h, -1, sizeof h);
scanf("%d %d", &n, &m);
while (m--) {
int a, b;
scanf("%d %d", &a, &b);
if (a != b) add(a, b), add(b, a);
}
for (root = 1; root <= n; root++)
if (!dfn[root]) tarjan(root, -1);
for (auto i : _set) printf("%d %d\n", i.x, i.y);
return 0;
}