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dsProject/dsLightRag/static/YunXiao/《万有引力定律》试题【markdown】/《万有引力定律》进阶题(中等难度)1.md
2025-08-28 13:24:57 +08:00

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> 1\.
>  2024年4月25日神舟十八号载人飞船成功与空间站对接。对接前的运动简化如下空间站在轨道上匀速圆周运动速度大小为
> ![](https://dsideal.obs.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/HuangHai/WToM/images/7ca0806dedea87fd1bb38857277fdd36/media/image1.png)
> 飞船在椭圆轨道Ⅱ上运动近地点B点离地的高度是200km远地点A点离地的高度是356km飞船经过A点的速度大小为
> ![](https://dsideal.obs.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/HuangHai/WToM/images/7ca0806dedea87fd1bb38857277fdd36/media/image2.png)
> 经过B点的速度大小为
> ![](https://dsideal.obs.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/HuangHai/WToM/images/7ca0806dedea87fd1bb38857277fdd36/media/image3.png)
> 。已知轨道、轨道Ⅱ在A点相切地球半径为6400km下列说法正确是(    )\
> \
> ![](https://dsideal.obs.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/HuangHai/WToM/images/7ca0806dedea87fd1bb38857277fdd36/media/image4.png)
>
>
> A 在轨道Ⅱ上经过A的速度等于在轨道上经过A的速度
> ![](https://dsideal.obs.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/HuangHai/WToM/images/7ca0806dedea87fd1bb38857277fdd36/media/image5.png)
>
>
> B 在轨道Ⅱ上经过A的向心加速度小于在轨道上经过A的向心加速度
>
> C 在轨道Ⅱ上经过B的速度有可能大于
> ![](https://dsideal.obs.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/HuangHai/WToM/images/7ca0806dedea87fd1bb38857277fdd36/media/image6.png)
>
>
> D 在轨道Ⅱ上从B点运动到A点的时间大约为
> ![](https://dsideal.obs.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/HuangHai/WToM/images/7ca0806dedea87fd1bb38857277fdd36/media/image7.png)
>
>
> 【难度】\
> 中等
>
> 【答案】
>
> C
>
> 【解析】
>
> 【解答】A.根据\
> \
> ![](https://dsideal.obs.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/HuangHai/WToM/images/7ca0806dedea87fd1bb38857277fdd36/media/image8.png)
> \
> \
> 得\
> \
> ![](https://dsideal.obs.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/HuangHai/WToM/images/7ca0806dedea87fd1bb38857277fdd36/media/image9.png)
> \
> \
> 可知在轨道
> ![](https://dsideal.obs.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/HuangHai/WToM/images/7ca0806dedea87fd1bb38857277fdd36/media/image10.png)
> 上经过A的速度小于在轨道 I 上经过A的速度即\
> \
> ![](https://dsideal.obs.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/HuangHai/WToM/images/7ca0806dedea87fd1bb38857277fdd36/media/image11.png)
> \
> \
> 故A错误
>
>  B.根据\
> \
> ![](https://dsideal.obs.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/HuangHai/WToM/images/7ca0806dedea87fd1bb38857277fdd36/media/image12.png)
> \
> \
> 得\
> \
> ![](https://dsideal.obs.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/HuangHai/WToM/images/7ca0806dedea87fd1bb38857277fdd36/media/image13.png)
> \
> \
> 可知在轨道Ⅱ上经过A的向心加速度等于在轨道 I 上经过A的向心加速度故B错误\
> \
>  C.第一宇宙速度是近地卫星的环绕速度也是最大的圆周运动的环绕速度但轨道Ⅱ为椭圆轨道发射速度小于第二宇宙速度即可所以在轨道工上经过B的速度可能大于7.9![](https://dsideal.obs.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/HuangHai/WToM/images/7ca0806dedea87fd1bb38857277fdd36/media/image14.png)
> 故C正确\
> \
>  D.根据开普勒第三定律得\
> \
> ![](https://dsideal.obs.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/HuangHai/WToM/images/7ca0806dedea87fd1bb38857277fdd36/media/image15.png)
> \
> \
> 其中![](https://dsideal.obs.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/HuangHai/WToM/images/7ca0806dedea87fd1bb38857277fdd36/media/image16.png)
>  ![](https://dsideal.obs.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/HuangHai/WToM/images/7ca0806dedea87fd1bb38857277fdd36/media/image17.png)
>  ,解得\
> \
> ![](https://dsideal.obs.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/HuangHai/WToM/images/7ca0806dedea87fd1bb38857277fdd36/media/image18.png)
> \
> \
> 又\
> \
> ![](https://dsideal.obs.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/HuangHai/WToM/images/7ca0806dedea87fd1bb38857277fdd36/media/image19.png)
> \
> \
> 则 \
> \
> ![](https://dsideal.obs.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/HuangHai/WToM/images/7ca0806dedea87fd1bb38857277fdd36/media/image20.png)
> \
> \
> 轨道 Ⅱ 上从B点运动到A点的时间\
> \
> ![](https://dsideal.obs.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/HuangHai/WToM/images/7ca0806dedea87fd1bb38857277fdd36/media/image21.png)
> \
> \
> 代入数据解得\
> \
> ![](https://dsideal.obs.cn-north-1.myhuaweicloud.com/HuangHai/WToM/images/7ca0806dedea87fd1bb38857277fdd36/media/image22.png)
>  \
> \
> 故D错误。
>
> 故答案为C。
>
> 【分析】根据万有引力定律以及开普勒第三定律进行分析。
>
> 【关联章节】第七章 万有引力与宇宙航行第七章 万有引力与宇宙航行 \> 1.
> 行星的运动第七章 万有引力与宇宙航行 \> 2. 万有引力定律第七章
> 万有引力与宇宙航行 \> 4. 宇宙航行;
>
> 【关联知识点】相互作用与运动规律经典力学的成就与局限性 \>
> 开普勒第一定律经典力学的成就与局限性 \>
> 开普勒第三定律经典力学的成就与局限性 \>
> 开普勒第二定律经典力学的成就与局限性 \>
> 万有引力定律抛体运动与圆周运动相互作用与运动规律;
>
> 【关联素养点】暂无数据
>
> 【关联关键能力】暂无数据