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判断句
白话文用动词“是”联系判断句中两部分,而文言文中判断句的主要特点是不用判断词,而以主语谓语直接相续。文言文表判断的常见句式有:
1用助词“者”和“也”配合表示判断。例如廉颇者赵之良将也。夫战勇气也。粟者民之所种。
2在主谓间用“即、乃、则、皆、本、诚、亦、素”等副词表示肯定判断兼加强语气。例如①若事之不济此乃天也。②此诚危急存亡之秋也。③梁父即楚将项燕。④此则岳阳楼之大观也。⑤环滁皆山也。⑥臣本布衣。“乃”“则”“即”有“就是”之意。
3动词“为”和判断词“是”表示判断。例如①此为何若人②问今是何世
4“者”也”都不用完全凭句意去判断。例如刘备天下袅雄。
5用否定副词“非”表示否定判断例如视之非字而画。