462 lines
19 KiB
HTML
462 lines
19 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh-CN">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<title>物理知识测验 - 万有引力定律</title>
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<style>
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* {
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margin: 0;
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padding: 0;
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box-sizing: border-box;
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font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;
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}
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body {
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background-color: #f5f7fa;
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color: #333;
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line-height: 1.6;
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padding: 20px;
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}
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.container {
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max-width: 1000px;
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margin: 0 auto;
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background-color: white;
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border-radius: 12px;
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box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
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padding: 30px;
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}
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header {
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text-align: center;
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margin-bottom: 30px;
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padding-bottom: 20px;
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border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
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}
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h1 {
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color: #2c3e50;
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margin-bottom: 10px;
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font-size: 28px;
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}
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.quiz-info {
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color: #666;
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font-size: 16px;
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margin-bottom: 20px;
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}
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.question-section {
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margin-bottom: 30px;
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}
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.question {
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background-color: #f9f9f9;
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border-radius: 8px;
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padding: 20px;
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margin-bottom: 20px;
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transition: all 0.3s ease;
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}
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.question:hover {
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box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
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}
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.question-header {
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display: flex;
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justify-content: space-between;
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align-items: center;
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margin-bottom: 15px;
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}
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.question-number {
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font-weight: bold;
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color: #2980b9;
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font-size: 18px;
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}
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.question-points {
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background-color: #e3f2fd;
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color: #2980b9;
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padding: 3px 10px;
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border-radius: 12px;
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font-size: 14px;
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}
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.question-text {
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margin-bottom: 15px;
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font-size: 16px;
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line-height: 1.7;
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}
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.options {
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display: grid;
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grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
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gap: 12px;
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margin-bottom: 15px;
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}
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@media (max-width: 768px) {
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.options {
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grid-template-columns: 1fr;
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}
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}
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.option {
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background-color: white;
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border: 1px solid #ddd;
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border-radius: 6px;
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padding: 12px 15px;
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cursor: pointer;
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transition: all 0.2s ease;
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display: flex;
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align-items: center;
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}
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.option:hover {
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border-color: #2980b9;
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background-color: #f0f7ff;
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}
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.option input {
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margin-right: 10px;
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}
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.option label {
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cursor: pointer;
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flex: 1;
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}
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.question-explanation {
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margin-top: 15px;
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padding: 15px;
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background-color: #e8f5e9;
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border-left: 4px solid #4caf50;
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border-radius: 4px;
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display: none;
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}
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.submit-section {
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text-align: center;
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margin-top: 40px;
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}
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#submit-btn {
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background-color: #2980b9;
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color: white;
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border: none;
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padding: 12px 30px;
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border-radius: 6px;
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cursor: pointer;
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font-size: 16px;
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transition: all 0.2s ease;
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}
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#submit-btn:hover {
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background-color: #1e6fa5;
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transform: translateY(-2px);
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}
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#result {
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margin-top: 30px;
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padding: 20px;
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border-radius: 8px;
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display: none;
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}
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.result-header {
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font-size: 22px;
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font-weight: bold;
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margin-bottom: 15px;
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color: #2c3e50;
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}
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.score {
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font-size: 18px;
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margin-bottom: 20px;
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color: #333;
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}
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.correct-answers {
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background-color: #e8f5e9;
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color: #2e7d32;
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padding: 10px 15px;
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border-radius: 6px;
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margin-bottom: 10px;
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}
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.incorrect-answers {
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background-color: #ffebee;
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color: #c62828;
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padding: 10px 15px;
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border-radius: 6px;
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}
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</style>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div class="container">
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<header>
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<h1>物理知识测验 - 万有引力定律</h1>
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<div class="quiz-info">
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共5道选择题 | 总分100分 | 完成后点击提交查看结果
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</div>
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</header>
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<form id="quiz-form" class="question-section">
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<!-- 问题1 -->
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<div class="question">
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<div class="question-header">
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<div class="question-number" data-question="1">问题 1</div>
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<div class="question-points">20分</div>
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</div>
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<div class="question-text">
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下列关于万有引力定律的说法中，正确的是：
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</div>
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<div class="options">
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<div class="option">
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<input type="radio" name="q1" id="q1-a" value="A">
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<label for="q1-a">A. 万有引力定律只适用于天体之间的相互作用</label>
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</div>
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<div class="option">
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<input type="radio" name="q1" id="q1-b" value="B">
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<label for="q1-b">B. 两个物体之间的万有引力大小与它们距离的平方成反比</label>
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</div>
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<div class="option">
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<input type="radio" name="q1" id="q1-c" value="C">
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<label for="q1-c">C. 万有引力的方向总是垂直于两个物体的连线方向</label>
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</div>
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<div class="option">
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<input type="radio" name="q1" id="q1-d" value="D">
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<label for="q1-d">D. 万有引力常量G是牛顿通过实验测量得出的</label>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="question-explanation" data-explanation="1">
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<strong>正确答案：B</strong><br>
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解析：万有引力定律适用于宇宙中任何两个有质量的物体之间的相互作用，不仅限于天体，故A错误；根据万有引力公式F=G(m₁m₂)/r²，两个物体之间的万有引力大小与它们距离的平方成反比，故B正确；万有引力的方向总是沿着两个物体的连线方向，故C错误；万有引力常量G是卡文迪许通过扭秤实验测量得出的，故D错误。
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</div>
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</div>
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<!-- 问题2 -->
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<div class="question">
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<div class="question-header">
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<div class="question-number" data-question="2">问题 2</div>
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<div class="question-points">20分</div>
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</div>
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<div class="question-text">
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地球表面的重力加速度为g，若地球的质量不变，但半径变为原来的一半，则地球表面的重力加速度变为：
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</div>
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<div class="options">
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<div class="option">
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<input type="radio" name="q2" id="q2-a" value="A">
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<label for="q2-a">A. g/4</label>
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</div>
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<div class="option">
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<input type="radio" name="q2" id="q2-b" value="B">
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<label for="q2-b">B. g/2</label>
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</div>
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<div class="option">
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<input type="radio" name="q2" id="q2-c" value="C">
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<label for="q2-c">C. 2g</label>
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</div>
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<div class="option">
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<input type="radio" name="q2" id="q2-d" value="D">
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<label for="q2-d">D. 4g</label>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="question-explanation" data-explanation="2">
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<strong>正确答案：D</strong><br>
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解析：根据重力加速度公式g=GM/R²，其中G为万有引力常量，M为地球质量，R为地球半径。当地球质量M不变，半径R变为原来的一半时，新的重力加速度g'=GM/(R/2)²=4GM/R²=4g，故答案为D。
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</div>
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</div>
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<!-- 问题3 -->
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<div class="question">
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<div class="question-header">
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<div class="question-number" data-question="3">问题 3</div>
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<div class="question-points">20分</div>
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</div>
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<div class="question-text">
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人造地球卫星绕地球做匀速圆周运动，若轨道半径增大到原来的2倍，则卫星的线速度大小变为原来的：
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</div>
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<div class="options">
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<div class="option">
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<input type="radio" name="q3" id="q3-a" value="A">
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<label for="q3-a">A. 1/2</label>
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</div>
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<div class="option">
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<input type="radio" name="q3" id="q3-b" value="B">
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<label for="q3-b">B. 1/√2</label>
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</div>
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<div class="option">
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<input type="radio" name="q3" id="q3-c" value="C">
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<label for="q3-c">C. √2倍</label>
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</div>
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<div class="option">
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<input type="radio" name="q3" id="q3-d" value="D">
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<label for="q3-d">D. 2倍</label>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="question-explanation" data-explanation="3">
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<strong>正确答案：B</strong><br>
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解析：根据万有引力提供向心力的公式GMm/r²=mv²/r，可得卫星线速度v=√(GM/r)。当轨道半径r增大到原来的2倍时，新的线速度v'=√(GM/(2r))=v/√2，故答案为B。
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</div>
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</div>
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<!-- 问题4 -->
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<div class="question">
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<div class="question-header">
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<div class="question-number" data-question="4">问题 4</div>
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<div class="question-points">20分</div>
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</div>
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<div class="question-text">
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两个质量分别为m和M的物体相距为r，它们之间的万有引力大小为F。若将它们的距离变为2r，质量分别变为2m和3M，则它们之间的万有引力大小变为：
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</div>
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<div class="options">
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<div class="option">
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<input type="radio" name="q4" id="q4-a" value="A">
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<label for="q4-a">A. 3F/2</label>
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</div>
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<div class="option">
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<input type="radio" name="q4" id="q4-b" value="B">
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<label for="q4-b">B. 3F/4</label>
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</div>
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<div class="option">
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<input type="radio" name="q4" id="q4-c" value="C">
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<label for="q4-c">C. F/2</label>
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</div>
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<div class="option">
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<input type="radio" name="q4" id="q4-d" value="D">
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<label for="q4-d">D. 2F/3</label>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="question-explanation" data-explanation="4">
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<strong>正确答案：B</strong><br>
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解析：根据万有引力公式F=G(mM)/r²，变化后的万有引力F'=G(2m·3M)/(2r)²=6GMm/4r²=3GMm/2r²=3F/2。注意题目中质量变化是2m和3M，距离变为2r，计算可得F'=3F/2，故答案为A。
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</div>
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</div>
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<!-- 问题5 -->
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<div class="question">
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<div class="question-header">
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<div class="question-number" data-question="5">问题 5</div>
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<div class="question-points">20分</div>
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</div>
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<div class="question-text">
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关于开普勒行星运动定律，下列说法正确的是：
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</div>
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<div class="options">
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<div class="option">
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<input type="radio" name="q5" id="q5-a" value="A">
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<label for="q5-a">A. 所有行星绕太阳运动的轨道都是正圆形</label>
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</div>
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<div class="option">
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<input type="radio" name="q5" id="q5-b" value="B">
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<label for="q5-b">B. 行星在近日点的速率小于在远日点的速率</label>
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</div>
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<div class="option">
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<input type="radio" name="q5" id="q5-c" value="C">
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<label for="q5-c">C. 所有行星的轨道半长轴的三次方与公转周期的二次方的比值都相等</label>
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</div>
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<div class="option">
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<input type="radio" name="q5" id="q5-d" value="D">
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<label for="q5-d">D. 开普勒定律仅适用于行星绕太阳的运动</label>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="question-explanation" data-explanation="5">
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<strong>正确答案：C</strong><br>
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解析：开普勒第一定律指出所有行星绕太阳运动的轨道都是椭圆，太阳处在椭圆的一个焦点上，故A错误；根据开普勒第二定律，行星与太阳的连线在相等时间内扫过相等的面积，因此行星在近日点的速率大于在远日点的速率，故B错误；开普勒第三定律表明所有行星的轨道半长轴的三次方与公转周期的二次方的比值都相等，故C正确；开普勒定律不仅适用于行星绕太阳的运动，也适用于卫星绕行星的运动，只是比值不同，故D错误。
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</div>
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</div>
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</form>
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<div class="submit-section">
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<button type="button" id="submit-btn">提交答案</button>
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<div id="result">
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<div class="result-header">测验结果</div>
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<div class="score">您的得分：<span id="score-value">0</span>/100分</div>
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<div class="correct-answers">正确题数：<span id="correct-count">0</span>道</div>
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<div class="incorrect-answers">错误题数：<span id="incorrect-count">0</span>道</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<script>
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document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
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const correctAnswers = {
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q1: 'B',
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q2: 'D',
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q3: 'B',
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q4: 'A',
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q5: 'C'
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};
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const totalQuestions = Object.keys(correctAnswers).length;
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const pointsPerQuestion = 100 / totalQuestions;
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const submitBtn = document.getElementById('submit-btn');
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const result = document.getElementById('result');
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const scoreValue = document.getElementById('score-value');
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const correctCount = document.getElementById('correct-count');
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const incorrectCount = document.getElementById('incorrect-count');
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const quizForm = document.getElementById('quiz-form');
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submitBtn.addEventListener('click', function() {
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let score = 0;
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let correct = 0;
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let incorrect = 0;
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// 检查所有问题的答案
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for (let i = 1; i <= totalQuestions; i++) {
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const questionName = `q${i}`;
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const selectedOption = quizForm.querySelector(`input[name="${questionName}"]:checked`);
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// 显示所有问题的解析
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const explanationElement = document.querySelector(`[data-explanation="${i}"]`);
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explanationElement.style.display = 'block';
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if (selectedOption) {
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const userAnswer = selectedOption.value;
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const correctAnswer = correctAnswers[questionName];
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// 标记正确或错误
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if (userAnswer === correctAnswer) {
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score += pointsPerQuestion;
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correct++;
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selectedOption.closest('.option').style.backgroundColor = '#e8f5e9';
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selectedOption.closest('.option').style.borderColor = '#4caf50';
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} else {
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incorrect++;
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selectedOption.closest('.option').style.backgroundColor = '#ffebee';
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selectedOption.closest('.option').style.borderColor = '#c62828';
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// 标记正确答案
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const correctOption = quizForm.querySelector(`input[name="${questionName}"][value="${correctAnswer}"]`);
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correctOption.closest('.option').style.backgroundColor = '#e8f5e9';
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correctOption.closest('.option').style.borderColor = '#4caf50';
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}
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} else {
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// 未答题
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incorrect++;
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const questionElement = document.querySelector(`[data-question="${i}"]`).closest('.question');
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questionElement.style.border = '2px solid #ff9800';
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}
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}
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// 显示结果
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scoreValue.textContent = Math.round(score);
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correctCount.textContent = correct;
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incorrectCount.textContent = incorrect;
|
||
result.style.display = 'block';
|
||
|
||
// 滚动到结果区域
|
||
result.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth' });
|
||
|
||
// 禁用提交按钮
|
||
submitBtn.disabled = true;
|
||
submitBtn.textContent = '已提交';
|
||
submitBtn.style.backgroundColor = '#ccc';
|
||
submitBtn.style.cursor = 'not-allowed';
|
||
});
|
||
});
|
||
</script>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html> |