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# 详解（一）Python + Selenium 批量采集微信公众号，搭建自己的微信公众号每日AI简报，告别信息焦虑
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# https://blog.csdn.net/k352733625/article/details/149222945
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# 微信爬爬猫---公众号文章抓取代码分析
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# https://blog.csdn.net/yajuanpi4899/article/details/121584268
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import datetime
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import logging
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import random
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import re
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import os
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import requests
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"""
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# 查看selenium版本
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pip show selenium
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4.34.2
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# 查看Chrome浏览器版本
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chrome://version/
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138.0.7204.101 (正式版本) （64 位）
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# 下载驱动包
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https://googlechromelabs.github.io/chrome-for-testing/
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https://storage.googleapis.com/chrome-for-testing-public/138.0.7204.94/win64/chromedriver-win64.zip
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"""
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import time
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from selenium import webdriver
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from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
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from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service as ChromeService
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import json
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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# 定义一个空的字典，存放cookies内容
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cookies = {}
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# 设置headers - 使用微信内置浏览器的User-Agent
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header = {
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"HOST": "mp.weixin.qq.com",
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"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.116 Safari/537.36 QBCore/4.0.1301.400 QQBrowser/9.0.2524.400 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2875.116 Safari/537.36 NetType/WIFI MicroMessenger/7.0.20.1781(0x6700143B) WindowsWechat(0x63010200)",
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"Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8",
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"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
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"Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.6,en;q=0.5;q=0.4",
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"Connection": "keep-alive"
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}
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# 用webdriver启动谷歌浏览器
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logging.info("启动浏览器，打开微信公众号登录界面")
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options = Options()
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# options.add_argument('-headless') # 无头参数，调试时可以注释掉
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# 设置微信内置浏览器的User-Agent
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options.add_argument('--user-agent=Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.116 Safari/537.36 QBCore/4.0.1301.400 QQBrowser/9.0.2524.400 Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2875.116 Safari/537.36 NetType/WIFI MicroMessenger/7.0.20.1781(0x6700143B) WindowsWechat(0x63010200)')
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service = ChromeService(executable_path=r"C:\Windows\System32\chromedriver.exe")
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driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service, options=options)
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# 打开微信公众号登录页面
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driver.get('https://mp.weixin.qq.com/')
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# 等待5秒钟
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time.sleep(2)
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# # 拿手机扫二维码！
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logging.info("请拿手机扫码二维码登录公众号")
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time.sleep(20)
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# 重新载入公众号登录页，登录之后会显示公众号后台首页，从这个返回内容中获取cookies信息
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driver.get('https://mp.weixin.qq.com/')
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# 获取cookies
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cookie_items = driver.get_cookies()
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# 获取到的cookies是列表形式，将cookies转成json形式并存入本地名为cookie的文本中
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for cookie_item in cookie_items:
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cookies[cookie_item['name']] = cookie_item['value']
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if "slave_sid" not in cookies:
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logging.info("登录公众号失败，获取cookie失败")
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exit()
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# cookies = json.dumps(post) # 注释掉这一行
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# 方法3：使用requests库发送请求获取重定向URL
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url = 'https://mp.weixin.qq.com'
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response = requests.get(url=url, allow_redirects=False, cookies=cookies)
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if 'Location' in response.headers:
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redirect_url = response.headers.get("Location")
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print("重定向URL:", redirect_url)
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token_match = re.findall(r'token=(\d+)', redirect_url)
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if token_match:
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token = token_match[0]
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print("获取到的token:", token)
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logging.info("微信token:" + token)
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article_urls = []
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gzlist = [{"account_name": "长春教育八卦阵", "account_id": "jybg100"}]
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for item in gzlist:
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account_name = item["account_name"]
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account_id = item["account_id"]
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# 搜索微信公众号的接口地址
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search_url = 'https://mp.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/searchbiz?'
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# 搜索微信公众号接口需要传入的参数，有三个变量：微信公众号token、随机数random、搜索的微信公众号名字
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query_id = {
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'action': 'search_biz',
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'token': token,
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'lang': 'zh_CN',
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'f': 'json',
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'ajax': '1',
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'random': random.random(),
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'query': account_name,
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'begin': '0',
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'count': '5'
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}
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# 打开搜索微信公众号接口地址，需要传入相关参数信息如：cookies、params、headers
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search_response = requests.get(search_url, cookies=cookies, headers=header, params=query_id)
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# 取搜索结果中的第一个公众号
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lists = search_response.json().get('list')[0]
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# 获取这个公众号的fakeid，后面爬取公众号文章需要此字段
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fakeid = lists.get('fakeid')
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logging.info("fakeid:" + fakeid)
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# 微信公众号文章接口地址
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appmsg_url = 'https://mp.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/appmsg?'
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# 搜索文章需要传入几个参数：登录的公众号token、要爬取文章的公众号fakeid、随机数random
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query_id_data = {
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'token': token,
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'lang': 'zh_CN',
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'f': 'json',
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'ajax': '1',
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'random': random.random(),
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'action': 'list_ex',
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'begin': '0', # 不同页，此参数变化，变化规则为每页加5
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'count': '5',
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'query': '',
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'fakeid': fakeid,
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'type': '9'
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}
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# 打开搜索的微信公众号文章列表页
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query_fakeid_response = requests.get(appmsg_url, cookies=cookies, headers=header, params=query_id_data)
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fakeid_list = query_fakeid_response.json().get('app_msg_list')
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for item in fakeid_list:
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# 采集item示例
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new_article = {
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'title': item.get('title'),
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'article_url': item.get('link'),
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'account_id': account_id,
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'account_name': account_name,
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'publish_time': datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(int(item.get("update_time"))).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'),
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'collection_time': datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
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}
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print("new_article:", new_article)
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logging.info("new_article:", new_article)
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article_urls.append(item.get('link'))
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time.sleep(1)
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# 确保Logs目录存在
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logs_dir = "./Test/Logs"
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if not os.path.exists(logs_dir):
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os.makedirs(logs_dir)
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for article_url in article_urls:
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print("正在爬取文章：" + article_url)
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try:
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# 使用requests直接获取文章内容，模拟微信环境
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wechat_headers = {
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"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 10; MI 8 Build/QKQ1.190828.002; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/83.0.4103.101 Mobile Safari/537.36 XWEB/1768 MMWEBSDK/20210302 MMWEBID/6253 MicroMessenger/8.0.2.1860(0x28000234) Process/toolsmp WeChat/arm64 Weixin NetType/WIFI Language/zh_CN ABI/arm64",
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"Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9",
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"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
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"Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.7",
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"X-Requested-With": "com.tencent.mm",
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"Referer": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/"
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}
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# 使用selenium打开文章链接，设置请求头
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driver.execute_cdp_cmd('Network.setExtraHTTPHeaders', {'headers': wechat_headers})
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driver.get(article_url)
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# 增加等待时间，确保页面完全加载
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time.sleep(5)
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# 检查是否需要登录
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if "请在微信客户端中打开链接" in driver.page_source or "请在微信中打开此链接" in driver.page_source:
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print(f"文章需要在微信中打开，尝试使用requests直接获取：{article_url}")
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# 尝试使用requests直接获取
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response = requests.get(article_url, headers=wechat_headers, cookies=cookies)
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if "请在微信客户端中打开链接" in response.text or "请在微信中打开此链接" in response.text:
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print(f"使用requests仍然无法获取，跳过此文章：{article_url}")
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continue
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else:
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# 保存获取到的HTML内容
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filename = f"article_{article_url.split('sn=')[1][:10] if 'sn=' in article_url else 'unknown'}"
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save_path = f"{logs_dir}/{filename}.html"
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with open(save_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
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f.write(response.text)
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print(f"已保存文章HTML内容：{save_path}")
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continue
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# 使用更可靠的选择器查找标题和内容
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try:
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# 尝试多种可能的标题选择器
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title_selectors = [
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'//h1[@class="rich_media_title"]',
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'//h1[@id="activity-name"]',
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'//h2[@class="rich_media_title"]',
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'//div[@class="rich_media_content"]//h1',
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'//div[@id="js_article"]//h1'
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]
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title = None
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for selector in title_selectors:
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try:
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title_element = driver.find_element('xpath', selector)
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title = title_element.text.strip()
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if title:
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break
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except:
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continue
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if not title:
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# 如果所有选择器都失败，尝试从页面标题获取
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title = driver.title.replace(" - 微信公众号", "").strip()
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# 尝试多种可能的内容选择器
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content_selectors = [
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'//div[@class="rich_media_content"]',
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'//div[@id="js_content"]',
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'//div[@class="rich_media_wrp"]'
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]
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content = None
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for selector in content_selectors:
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try:
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content_element = driver.find_element('xpath', selector)
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content = content_element.text.strip()
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if content:
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break
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except:
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continue
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if not content:
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# 如果无法获取内容，至少保存页面源码
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content = "无法提取正文内容，保存页面源码：\n" + driver.page_source
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# 创建文件名（使用标题，但去除不合法的文件名字符）
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if not title:
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title = "未知标题_" + article_url.split("sn=")[1][:10] if "sn=" in article_url else "未知标题"
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filename = re.sub(r'[\\/:*?"<>|]', '_', title)
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# 保存文章内容到文件
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save_path = f"{logs_dir}/{filename}.txt"
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with open(save_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
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f.write(f"标题：{title}\n\n")
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f.write(f"链接：{article_url}\n\n")
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f.write(f"内容：\n{content}")
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print(f"文章《{title}》保存成功：{save_path}")
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"提取文章内容失败：{str(e)}")
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# 保存页面源码以便分析
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error_filename = "error_" + article_url.split("sn=")[1][:10] if "sn=" in article_url else "error_page"
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error_path = f"{logs_dir}/{error_filename}.html"
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with open(error_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
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f.write(driver.page_source)
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print(f"已保存页面源码到：{error_path}")
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# 避免频繁请求被封
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time.sleep(random.uniform(3, 7))
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"爬取文章失败：{article_url}，错误信息：{str(e)}")
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continue
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# 关闭浏览器
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driver.quit()
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print("所有文章爬取完成！")
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