倒装句
(一)[宾语前置](https://zhida.zhihu.com/search?content_id=169614614&content_type=Article&match_order=1&q=%E5%AE%BE%E8%AF%AD%E5%89%8D%E7%BD%AE&zd_token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJ6aGlkYV9zZXJ2ZXIiLCJleHAiOjE3NTExNjQxMTksInEiOiLlrr7or63liY3nva4iLCJ6aGlkYV9zb3VyY2UiOiJlbnRpdHkiLCJjb250ZW50X2lkIjoxNjk2MTQ2MTQsImNvbnRlbnRfdHlwZSI6IkFydGljbGUiLCJtYXRjaF9vcmRlciI6MSwiemRfdG9rZW4iOm51bGx9.L_v9qVWgDDBCdf24L0txq_n4_gPw0BDk7voMidnd-q0&zhida_source=entity)句
在古代汉语里，宾语的位置也和现代汉语一样，一般都在动词(或介词)的后面，但为了强调宾语，在一定条件下，就把它放在动词(或介词)的前面。宾语前置可分为以下几种情况；
1．在疑问句里，作宾语的疑问代词(安、何、谁等)，一般提到动词或介词前。例如；①沛公安在？②富者曰："子何持而往？"③微斯人，[吾谁与归](https://zhida.zhihu.com/search?content_id=169614614&content_type=Article&match_order=1&q=%E5%90%BE%E8%B0%81%E4%B8%8E%E5%BD%92&zd_token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJ6aGlkYV9zZXJ2ZXIiLCJleHAiOjE3NTExNjQxMTksInEiOiLlkL7osIHkuI7lvZIiLCJ6aGlkYV9zb3VyY2UiOiJlbnRpdHkiLCJjb250ZW50X2lkIjoxNjk2MTQ2MTQsImNvbnRlbnRfdHlwZSI6IkFydGljbGUiLCJtYXRjaF9vcmRlciI6MSwiemRfdG9rZW4iOm51bGx9.fAejYg6ZHX4eOjVXsj5m_uIjqnr9axHD-oRgegY-_SA&zhida_source=entity)？④何以效之？
2．在否定句里，作宾语的代词，也都提到动词的前边，例如：①时人莫之许也。②三岁贯女，莫我肯顾③彼不我恩也。
3．为了强调宾语，借助"之""是"等的帮助，把宾语从词的后面提到动词的前面。这"之""是"便成了宾语提前的标志，无其他义。例如：①孔子云："何陋之有？"②唯利是图。
4．介词宾语的前置。例如；①国胡以相恤？②一言以蔽之。
(二)[定语后置](https://zhida.zhihu.com/search?content_id=169614614&content_type=Article&match_order=1&q=%E5%AE%9A%E8%AF%AD%E5%90%8E%E7%BD%AE&zd_token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJ6aGlkYV9zZXJ2ZXIiLCJleHAiOjE3NTExNjQxMTksInEiOiLlrpror63lkI7nva4iLCJ6aGlkYV9zb3VyY2UiOiJlbnRpdHkiLCJjb250ZW50X2lkIjoxNjk2MTQ2MTQsImNvbnRlbnRfdHlwZSI6IkFydGljbGUiLCJtYXRjaF9vcmRlciI6MSwiemRfdG9rZW4iOm51bGx9.8X8T9bgx9EbhueMwUKgXtKE-YMHQajyCAZHjuSxZjnQ&zhida_source=entity)句
1．"......者......"为标志。例：石之铿然有声者(《[石钟山记](https://zhida.zhihu.com/search?content_id=169614614&content_type=Article&match_order=1&q=%E7%9F%B3%E9%92%9F%E5%B1%B1%E8%AE%B0&zd_token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJ6aGlkYV9zZXJ2ZXIiLCJleHAiOjE3NTExNjQxMTksInEiOiLnn7Ppkp_lsbHorrAiLCJ6aGlkYV9zb3VyY2UiOiJlbnRpdHkiLCJjb250ZW50X2lkIjoxNjk2MTQ2MTQsImNvbnRlbnRfdHlwZSI6IkFydGljbGUiLCJtYXRjaF9vcmRlciI6MSwiemRfdG9rZW4iOm51bGx9.fDPtb8RGkqXRhxAMtjemprEgKdtfrjsSEzGj4Z-Ho04&zhida_source=entity)》)
2．"......之......"为标志。例：蚓无爪牙之利，筋骨之强(《劝学》)
(三)状语后置句
1．"于"为标志的介宾短语。例：季氏将有事于颛臾(《[季氏将伐颛臾](https://zhida.zhihu.com/search?content_id=169614614&content_type=Article&match_order=1&q=%E5%AD%A3%E6%B0%8F%E5%B0%86%E4%BC%90%E9%A2%9B%E8%87%BE&zd_token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJ6aGlkYV9zZXJ2ZXIiLCJleHAiOjE3NTExNjQxMTksInEiOiLlraPmsI_lsIbkvJDpopvoh74iLCJ6aGlkYV9zb3VyY2UiOiJlbnRpdHkiLCJjb250ZW50X2lkIjoxNjk2MTQ2MTQsImNvbnRlbnRfdHlwZSI6IkFydGljbGUiLCJtYXRjaF9vcmRlciI6MSwiemRfdG9rZW4iOm51bGx9.Ll_HK4Je_Zq5Sfw41kmZBvIwddwhfYaW8hN2EnQI-zA&zhida_source=entity)》)
2．"以"为标志的介宾短语。例：虽董之以严刑，振之以威怒(《[谏太宗十思疏](https://zhida.zhihu.com/search?content_id=169614614&content_type=Article&match_order=1&q=%E8%B0%8F%E5%A4%AA%E5%AE%97%E5%8D%81%E6%80%9D%E7%96%8F&zd_token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJ6aGlkYV9zZXJ2ZXIiLCJleHAiOjE3NTExNjQxMTksInEiOiLosI_lpKrlrpfljYHmgJ3nlo8iLCJ6aGlkYV9zb3VyY2UiOiJlbnRpdHkiLCJjb250ZW50X2lkIjoxNjk2MTQ2MTQsImNvbnRlbnRfdHlwZSI6IkFydGljbGUiLCJtYXRjaF9vcmRlciI6MSwiemRfdG9rZW4iOm51bGx9.kLwrnItwEY-Po-I6ViVj-jfrqe7QH9u5cPRkRvgrFGA&zhida_source=entity)》)
(四)主谓倒装句
例；甚矣，乌纱之横、皂隶之俗哉。(《[虎丘记](https://zhida.zhihu.com/search?content_id=169614614&content_type=Article&match_order=1&q=%E8%99%8E%E4%B8%98%E8%AE%B0&zd_token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJ6aGlkYV9zZXJ2ZXIiLCJleHAiOjE3NTExNjQxMTksInEiOiLomY7kuJjorrAiLCJ6aGlkYV9zb3VyY2UiOiJlbnRpdHkiLCJjb250ZW50X2lkIjoxNjk2MTQ2MTQsImNvbnRlbnRfdHlwZSI6IkFydGljbGUiLCJtYXRjaF9vcmRlciI6MSwiemRfdG9rZW4iOm51bGx9.wozJ8vx0QhmrUdi5PPLqtopaftlSMswrB-n_p2eo1nU&zhida_source=entity)》)