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HuangHai
2025-08-28 07:21:01 +08:00
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>物理知识测验 - 万有引力定律</title>
<style>
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
box-sizing: border-box;
font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;
}
body {
background-color: #f5f7fa;
color: #333;
line-height: 1.6;
padding: 20px;
}
.container {
max-width: 1000px;
margin: 0 auto;
background-color: white;
border-radius: 12px;
box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
padding: 30px;
}
header {
text-align: center;
margin-bottom: 30px;
padding-bottom: 20px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
}
h1 {
color: #2c3e50;
margin-bottom: 10px;
font-size: 28px;
}
.quiz-info {
color: #666;
font-size: 16px;
margin-bottom: 20px;
}
.question-section {
margin-bottom: 30px;
}
.question {
background-color: #f9f9f9;
border-radius: 8px;
padding: 20px;
margin-bottom: 20px;
transition: all 0.3s ease;
}
.question:hover {
box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}
.question-header {
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between;
align-items: center;
margin-bottom: 15px;
}
.question-number {
font-weight: bold;
color: #2980b9;
font-size: 18px;
}
.question-points {
background-color: #e3f2fd;
color: #2980b9;
padding: 3px 10px;
border-radius: 12px;
font-size: 14px;
}
.question-text {
margin-bottom: 15px;
font-size: 16px;
line-height: 1.7;
}
.options {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
gap: 12px;
margin-bottom: 15px;
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.options {
grid-template-columns: 1fr;
}
}
.option {
background-color: white;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 6px;
padding: 12px 15px;
cursor: pointer;
transition: all 0.2s ease;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
}
.option:hover {
border-color: #2980b9;
background-color: #f0f7ff;
}
.option input {
margin-right: 10px;
}
.option label {
cursor: pointer;
flex: 1;
}
.question-explanation {
margin-top: 15px;
padding: 15px;
background-color: #e8f5e9;
border-left: 4px solid #4caf50;
border-radius: 4px;
display: none;
}
.submit-section {
text-align: center;
margin-top: 40px;
}
#submit-btn {
background-color: #2980b9;
color: white;
border: none;
padding: 12px 30px;
border-radius: 6px;
cursor: pointer;
font-size: 16px;
transition: all 0.2s ease;
}
#submit-btn:hover {
background-color: #1e6fa5;
transform: translateY(-2px);
}
#result {
margin-top: 30px;
padding: 20px;
border-radius: 8px;
display: none;
}
.result-header {
font-size: 22px;
font-weight: bold;
margin-bottom: 15px;
color: #2c3e50;
}
.score {
font-size: 18px;
margin-bottom: 20px;
color: #333;
}
.correct-answers {
background-color: #e8f5e9;
color: #2e7d32;
padding: 10px 15px;
border-radius: 6px;
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.incorrect-answers {
background-color: #ffebee;
color: #c62828;
padding: 10px 15px;
border-radius: 6px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<header>
<h1>物理知识测验 - 万有引力定律</h1>
<div class="quiz-info">
共5道选择题 | 总分100分 | 完成后点击提交查看结果
</div>
</header>
<form id="quiz-form" class="question-section">
<!-- 问题1 -->
<div class="question">
<div class="question-header">
<div class="question-number" data-question="1">问题 1</div>
<div class="question-points">20分</div>
</div>
<div class="question-text">
下列关于万有引力定律的说法中，正确的是：
</div>
<div class="options">
<div class="option">
<input type="radio" name="q1" id="q1-a" value="A">
<label for="q1-a">A. 万有引力定律只适用于天体之间的相互作用</label>
</div>
<div class="option">
<input type="radio" name="q1" id="q1-b" value="B">
<label for="q1-b">B. 两个物体之间的万有引力大小与它们距离的平方成反比</label>
</div>
<div class="option">
<input type="radio" name="q1" id="q1-c" value="C">
<label for="q1-c">C. 万有引力的方向总是垂直于两个物体的连线方向</label>
</div>
<div class="option">
<input type="radio" name="q1" id="q1-d" value="D">
<label for="q1-d">D. 万有引力常量G是牛顿通过实验测量得出的</label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="question-explanation" data-explanation="1">
<strong>正确答案：B</strong><br>
解析：万有引力定律适用于宇宙中任何两个有质量的物体之间的相互作用，不仅限于天体，故A错误；根据万有引力公式F=G(m₁m₂)/r²，两个物体之间的万有引力大小与它们距离的平方成反比，故B正确；万有引力的方向总是沿着两个物体的连线方向，故C错误；万有引力常量G是卡文迪许通过扭秤实验测量得出的，故D错误。
</div>
</div>
<!-- 问题2 -->
<div class="question">
<div class="question-header">
<div class="question-number" data-question="2">问题 2</div>
<div class="question-points">20分</div>
</div>
<div class="question-text">
地球表面的重力加速度为g，若地球的质量不变，但半径变为原来的一半，则地球表面的重力加速度变为：
</div>
<div class="options">
<div class="option">
<input type="radio" name="q2" id="q2-a" value="A">
<label for="q2-a">A. g/4</label>
</div>
<div class="option">
<input type="radio" name="q2" id="q2-b" value="B">
<label for="q2-b">B. g/2</label>
</div>
<div class="option">
<input type="radio" name="q2" id="q2-c" value="C">
<label for="q2-c">C. 2g</label>
</div>
<div class="option">
<input type="radio" name="q2" id="q2-d" value="D">
<label for="q2-d">D. 4g</label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="question-explanation" data-explanation="2">
<strong>正确答案：D</strong><br>
解析：根据重力加速度公式g=GM/R²，其中G为万有引力常量，M为地球质量，R为地球半径。当地球质量M不变，半径R变为原来的一半时，新的重力加速度g'=GM/(R/2)²=4GM/R²=4g，故答案为D。
</div>
</div>
<!-- 问题3 -->
<div class="question">
<div class="question-header">
<div class="question-number" data-question="3">问题 3</div>
<div class="question-points">20分</div>
</div>
<div class="question-text">
人造地球卫星绕地球做匀速圆周运动，若轨道半径增大到原来的2倍，则卫星的线速度大小变为原来的：
</div>
<div class="options">
<div class="option">
<input type="radio" name="q3" id="q3-a" value="A">
<label for="q3-a">A. 1/2</label>
</div>
<div class="option">
<input type="radio" name="q3" id="q3-b" value="B">
<label for="q3-b">B. 1/√2</label>
</div>
<div class="option">
<input type="radio" name="q3" id="q3-c" value="C">
<label for="q3-c">C. √2倍</label>
</div>
<div class="option">
<input type="radio" name="q3" id="q3-d" value="D">
<label for="q3-d">D. 2倍</label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="question-explanation" data-explanation="3">
<strong>正确答案：B</strong><br>
解析：根据万有引力提供向心力的公式GMm/r²=mv²/r，可得卫星线速度v=√(GM/r)。当轨道半径r增大到原来的2倍时，新的线速度v'=√(GM/(2r))=v/√2，故答案为B。
</div>
</div>
<!-- 问题4 -->
<div class="question">
<div class="question-header">
<div class="question-number" data-question="4">问题 4</div>
<div class="question-points">20分</div>
</div>
<div class="question-text">
两个质量分别为m和M的物体相距为r，它们之间的万有引力大小为F。若将它们的距离变为2r，质量分别变为2m和3M，则它们之间的万有引力大小变为：
</div>
<div class="options">
<div class="option">
<input type="radio" name="q4" id="q4-a" value="A">
<label for="q4-a">A. 3F/2</label>
</div>
<div class="option">
<input type="radio" name="q4" id="q4-b" value="B">
<label for="q4-b">B. 3F/4</label>
</div>
<div class="option">
<input type="radio" name="q4" id="q4-c" value="C">
<label for="q4-c">C. F/2</label>
</div>
<div class="option">
<input type="radio" name="q4" id="q4-d" value="D">
<label for="q4-d">D. 2F/3</label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="question-explanation" data-explanation="4">
<strong>正确答案：B</strong><br>
解析：根据万有引力公式F=G(mM)/r²，变化后的万有引力F'=G(2m·3M)/(2r)²=6GMm/4r²=3GMm/2r²=3F/2。注意题目中质量变化是2m和3M，距离变为2r，计算可得F'=3F/2，故答案为A。
</div>
</div>
<!-- 问题5 -->
<div class="question">
<div class="question-header">
<div class="question-number" data-question="5">问题 5</div>
<div class="question-points">20分</div>
</div>
<div class="question-text">
关于开普勒行星运动定律，下列说法正确的是：
</div>
<div class="options">
<div class="option">
<input type="radio" name="q5" id="q5-a" value="A">
<label for="q5-a">A. 所有行星绕太阳运动的轨道都是正圆形</label>
</div>
<div class="option">
<input type="radio" name="q5" id="q5-b" value="B">
<label for="q5-b">B. 行星在近日点的速率小于在远日点的速率</label>
</div>
<div class="option">
<input type="radio" name="q5" id="q5-c" value="C">
<label for="q5-c">C. 所有行星的轨道半长轴的三次方与公转周期的二次方的比值都相等</label>
</div>
<div class="option">
<input type="radio" name="q5" id="q5-d" value="D">
<label for="q5-d">D. 开普勒定律仅适用于行星绕太阳的运动</label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="question-explanation" data-explanation="5">
<strong>正确答案：C</strong><br>
解析：开普勒第一定律指出所有行星绕太阳运动的轨道都是椭圆，太阳处在椭圆的一个焦点上，故A错误；根据开普勒第二定律，行星与太阳的连线在相等时间内扫过相等的面积，因此行星在近日点的速率大于在远日点的速率，故B错误；开普勒第三定律表明所有行星的轨道半长轴的三次方与公转周期的二次方的比值都相等，故C正确；开普勒定律不仅适用于行星绕太阳的运动，也适用于卫星绕行星的运动，只是比值不同，故D错误。
</div>
</div>
</form>
<div class="submit-section">
<button type="button" id="submit-btn">提交答案</button>
<div id="result">
<div class="result-header">测验结果</div>
<div class="score">您的得分：<span id="score-value">0</span>/100分</div>
<div class="correct-answers">正确题数：<span id="correct-count">0</span>道</div>
<div class="incorrect-answers">错误题数：<span id="incorrect-count">0</span>道</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script>
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
const correctAnswers = {
q1: 'B',
q2: 'D',
q3: 'B',
q4: 'A',
q5: 'C'
};
const totalQuestions = Object.keys(correctAnswers).length;
const pointsPerQuestion = 100 / totalQuestions;
const submitBtn = document.getElementById('submit-btn');
const result = document.getElementById('result');
const scoreValue = document.getElementById('score-value');
const correctCount = document.getElementById('correct-count');
const incorrectCount = document.getElementById('incorrect-count');
const quizForm = document.getElementById('quiz-form');
submitBtn.addEventListener('click', function() {
let score = 0;
let correct = 0;
let incorrect = 0;
// 检查所有问题的答案
for (let i = 1; i <= totalQuestions; i++) {
const questionName = `q${i}`;
const selectedOption = quizForm.querySelector(`input[name="${questionName}"]:checked`);
// 显示所有问题的解析
const explanationElement = document.querySelector(`[data-explanation="${i}"]`);
explanationElement.style.display = 'block';
if (selectedOption) {
const userAnswer = selectedOption.value;
const correctAnswer = correctAnswers[questionName];
// 标记正确或错误
if (userAnswer === correctAnswer) {
score += pointsPerQuestion;
correct++;
selectedOption.closest('.option').style.backgroundColor = '#e8f5e9';
selectedOption.closest('.option').style.borderColor = '#4caf50';
} else {
incorrect++;
selectedOption.closest('.option').style.backgroundColor = '#ffebee';
selectedOption.closest('.option').style.borderColor = '#c62828';
// 标记正确答案
const correctOption = quizForm.querySelector(`input[name="${questionName}"][value="${correctAnswer}"]`);
correctOption.closest('.option').style.backgroundColor = '#e8f5e9';
correctOption.closest('.option').style.borderColor = '#4caf50';
}
} else {
// 未答题
incorrect++;
const questionElement = document.querySelector(`[data-question="${i}"]`).closest('.question');
questionElement.style.border = '2px solid #ff9800';
}
}
// 显示结果
scoreValue.textContent = Math.round(score);
correctCount.textContent = correct;
incorrectCount.textContent = incorrect;
result.style.display = 'block';
// 滚动到结果区域
result.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth' });
// 禁用提交按钮
submitBtn.disabled = true;
submitBtn.textContent = '已提交';
submitBtn.style.backgroundColor = '#ccc';
submitBtn.style.cursor = 'not-allowed';
});
});
</script>
</body>
</html>