dsProject/操作文档/1、K8S搭建/K8S搭建【V1.29】.md

## 搭建$k8s$集群

### 一、前期准备

**1.1 准备环境**

```apl
# Linux版本
Rocky Linux 9.4 Mini

# 更新系统
dnf clean all -y
dnf update -y

# K8S的三台服务器
10.10.14.200 k8s-master
10.10.14.201 k8s-node1
10.10.14.202 k8s-node2
```



**2.2 系统初始化**

设置系统时区为上海

```shell
timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
clock -w

# 查看时区
 ls -l /etc/localtime
```

关闭防火墙：

```shell
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0
```

关闭$swap$分区：

```shell
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
swapoff -a
```

在$master$上执行

```shell
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master
```

在$node1$上执行

```shell
hostnamectl set-hostname  k8s-node1
```



在$node2$上执行

```shell
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node2
```



在每个节点添加$hosts$：

```shell
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
10.10.14.200 k8s-master
10.10.14.201 k8s-node1
10.10.14.202 k8s-node2
EOF
```



将桥接的$IPv4$流量传递到$iptables$的链：

在每个节点添加如下的命令：

```shell
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
vm.swappiness = 0
EOF
```



在每个节点加载$br\_netfilter$模块

```shell
modprobe br_netfilter
sysctl --system
```



查看是否加载

```
lsmod | grep br_netfilter
```




在每个节点添加时间同步：

安装$ntpdate$时间同步插件

```shell
dnf install chrony -y
systemctl enable --now chronyd
```

编辑内容

```
cat > /etc/chrony.conf << EOF
	server 0.pool.ntp.org iburst
	server 1.pool.ntp.org iburst
	server 2.pool.ntp.org iburst
	server 3.pool.ntp.org iburst
EOF
systemctl restart chronyd
```

手工同步

```
chronyc makestep
```



在每个节点安装$ipset$和$ipvsadm$：

安装

```shell
yum -y install ipset ipvsadm
```



配置

```
mkdir -p /etc/sysconfig/modules/
cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack
EOF
```



授权、运行、检查是否加载：

```
chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack
```



**所有节点安装$Docker/kubeadm/kubelet/kubectl$**

所有节点安装Docker：

获取镜像源

```shell
yum install -y yum-utils
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum clean all
yum makecache
```

安装

```
# 找出有哪些可用的Docker版本
yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
yum list docker-ce-cli --showduplicates | sort -r
yum list containerd.io --showduplicates | sort -r
```



```
docker-ce.x86_64                3:20.10.24-3.el9                docker-ce-stable
...
docker-ce-cli.x86_64              1:20.10.24-3.el9              docker-ce-stable
...

```



```shell
yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli   containerd.io
```

设置开机自启动并启动

```shell
systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
```

配置加速

```shell
mkdir -p /etc/docker 
tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
```



```
# 上传 cri-dockerd-0.3.8.amd64.tgz 
tar xf cri-dockerd-0.3.8.amd64.tgz 

mv cri-dockerd/cri-dockerd  /usr/bin/
rm -rf  cri-dockerd  cri-dockerd-0.3.8.amd64.tgz

# 配置启动项
cat > /etc/systemd/system/cri-docker.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=CRI Interface for Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.mirantis.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service docker.service
Wants=network-online.target
Requires=cri-docker.socket
[Service]
Type=notify
# ExecStart=/usr/bin/cri-dockerd --container-runtime-endpoint fd://
# 指定用作 Pod 的基础容器的容器镜像（“pause 镜像”）
ExecStart=/usr/bin/cri-dockerd --pod-infra-container-image=registry.k8s.io/pause:3.9 --container-runtime-endpoint fd:// 
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
TimeoutSec=0
RestartSec=2
Restart=always
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TasksMax=infinity
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

cat > /etc/systemd/system/cri-docker.socket <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=CRI Docker Socket for the API
PartOf=cri-docker.service
[Socket]
ListenStream=%t/cri-dockerd.sock
SocketMode=0660
SocketUser=root
SocketGroup=docker
[Install]
WantedBy=sockets.target
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload 
systemctl enable cri-docker && systemctl start cri-docker && systemctl status cri-docker
```

### 安装$kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl$

配置k8s源(所有节点)

```shell
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.29/rpm/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.29/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
# exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl cri-tools kubernetes-cni
EOF
```

安装kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl (所有节点)

```shell
# 安装默认版本
#yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl 

# 安装指定版本
yum -y install  kubeadm-1.29.0-150500.1.1  kubelet-1.29.0-150500.1.1 kubectl-1.29.0-150500.1.1  

```

配置 cgroup 驱动与docker一致(所有节点)

```shell
cp /etc/sysconfig/kubelet{,.bak}
cat > /etc/sysconfig/kubelet <<EOF
KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd"
EOF
systemctl enable kubelet
```

安装自动补全工具

```
yum install bash-completion -y 
source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc
source  ~/.bashrc 
```

查看镜像配置

```
kubeadm config images list --kubernetes-version=v1.29.0
```



如果网络有限制，请提前下载需要用到的镜像

```
# 重点，重点，重点
# kubeadm部署集群，需要用到k8s配置镜像和Calico网络配置镜像
# 由于默认拉取镜像地址k8s.gcr.io国内无法访问，国内镜像仓库我也没有找到，所以建议提前下载好，导入镜像。

# 所有需要用到镜像(k8s配置镜像和Calico网络配置镜像)：
# docker images
REPOSITORY                                TAG        IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
calico/kube-controllers                   v3.27.0    4e87edec0297   12 days ago     75.5MB
calico/cni                                v3.27.0    8e8d96a874c0   12 days ago     211MB
calico/pod2daemon-flexvol                 v3.27.0    6506d2e0be2d   12 days ago     15.4MB
calico/node                               v3.27.0    1843802b91be   13 days ago     340MB
registry.k8s.io/kube-apiserver            v1.29.0    1443a367b16d   2 weeks ago     127MB
registry.k8s.io/kube-scheduler            v1.29.0    7ace497ddb8e   2 weeks ago     59.5MB
registry.k8s.io/kube-controller-manager   v1.29.0    0824682bcdc8   2 weeks ago     122MB
registry.k8s.io/kube-proxy                v1.29.0    98262743b26f   2 weeks ago     82.2MB
registry.k8s.io/etcd                      3.5.10-0   a0eed15eed44   8 weeks ago     148MB
registry.k8s.io/coredns/coredns           v1.11.1    cbb01a7bd410   4 months ago    59.8MB
registry.k8s.io/pause                     3.9        e6f181688397   14 months ago   744kB
```

**办法**

```
docker pull calico/kube-controllers:v3.27.0
docker pull calico/cni:v3.27.0
docker pull calico/pod2daemon-flexvol:v3.27.0
docker pull calico/node:v3.27.0 

# 国内镜像源
# https://docker.aityp.com/

# 偷梁换柱
docker pull swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/registry.k8s.io/kube-apiserver:v1.29.8
docker tag swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/registry.k8s.io/kube-apiserver:v1.29.8 registry.k8s.io/kube-apiserver:v1.29.0

docker pull swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/registry.k8s.io/kube-scheduler:v1.29.8
docker tag swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/registry.k8s.io/kube-scheduler:v1.29.8 registry.k8s.io/kube-scheduler:v1.29.0

docker pull swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/registry.k8s.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.29.8
docker tag swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/registry.k8s.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.29.8 registry.k8s.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.29.0

docker pull swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/registry.k8s.io/kube-proxy:v1.29.8
docker tag swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/registry.k8s.io/kube-proxy:v1.29.8 registry.k8s.io/kube-proxy:v1.29.0

docker pull swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/registry.k8s.io/etcd:3.5.10-0
docker tag swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/registry.k8s.io/etcd:3.5.10-0 registry.k8s.io/etcd:3.5.10-0

docker pull swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/registry.k8s.io/coredns/coredns:v1.11.1
docker tag swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/registry.k8s.io/coredns/coredns:v1.11.1 registry.k8s.io/coredns/coredns:v1.11.1 

docker pull swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/registry.k8s.io/pause:3.9
docker tag swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/registry.k8s.io/pause:3.9 registry.k8s.io/pause:3.9

```

集群初始化(master节点运行)

```
# 初始化集群
kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address 10.10.14.200 --kubernetes-version v1.29.0 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock

# 如果网络有问题，请使用如下命令初始化
kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address 10.10.14.200 # master节点ip  \
--kubernetes-version v1.29.0 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 # pod分配的ip \
--cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock --image-repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers

```

记录下下面的命令：

```
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 10.10.14.200:6443 --token 3yk4me.5k595v6hm2qz463s \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:9e83f5ebfaefa83523e16d546d56b9f3803d4083a71d18fe49217f72306a2058 
```

创建配置目录（master）

```
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
# 创建可永久使用的token
kubeadm token create --ttl 0  --print-join-command
```

node节点执行如下命令添加节点（node节点运行）

```
kubeadm join 10.10.14.200:6443 --token 3yk4me.5k595v6hm2qz463s \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:9e83f5ebfaefa83523e16d546d56b9f3803d4083a71d18fe49217f72306a2058  --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock
```

### 集群网络插件 $calico$ 部署（$master$节点运行）

##### 建议使用$flannel$组件

```shell
# 将此文件下载直接apply即可
# wget  https://github.com/flannel-io/flannel/releases/latest/download/kube-flannel.yml
# 我已经下载好了，直接上传就行了

kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
```

应用$operator$资源清单文件

```
# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.26.4/manifests/tigera-operator.yaml
kubectl create -f tigera-operator.yaml
```

通过自定义方式安装

```
#wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.26.4/manifests/custom-resources.yaml
```

修改文件第13行，修改为使用kubeadm init ----pod-network-cidr对应的IP地址段

```
vi custom-resources.yaml
 11     ipPools:
 12     - blockSize: 26
 13       cidr: 10.244.0.0/16 
 14       encapsulation: VXLANCrossSubnet
```

应用资源清单文件

```
kubectl apply -f custom-resources.yaml
```

监视calico-sysem命名空间中pod运行情况

```
watch kubectl get pods -n calico-system
```

查看calico是否正常运行

```shell
kubectl get pods -n calico-system

NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
calico-kube-controllers-7bc767bbcb-pxppk   1/1     Running   0          5m46s
calico-node-6cc8l                          0/1     Running   0          5m46s
calico-node-vkvjz                          1/1     Running   0          5m46s
calico-node-wvk6q                          1/1     Running   0          5m46s
calico-typha-74545574b-6jpgq               1/1     Running   0          5m46s
calico-typha-74545574b-vx9kv               1/1     Running   0          5m40s
csi-node-driver-7pxtt                      2/2     Running   0          5m46s
csi-node-driver-lflc6                      2/2     Running   0          5m46s
csi-node-driver-r5npp                      2/2     Running   0          5m46s
```

查看集群节点是否正常运行

```shell
kubectl get nodes

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME         STATUS   ROLES           AGE   VERSION
k8s-master   Ready    control-plane   15m   v1.29.0
k8s-node1    Ready    <none>          12m   v1.29.0
k8s-node2    Ready    <none>          12m   v1.29.0
```



查看所有pod是否正常运行

```
kubectl get pod -A 

NAMESPACE          NAME                                       READY   STATUS             RESTARTS       AGE
calico-apiserver   calico-apiserver-6bb6cf484f-48c57          1/1     Running            0              56s
calico-apiserver   calico-apiserver-6bb6cf484f-xlbh4          1/1     Running            0              56s
calico-system      calico-kube-controllers-7bc767bbcb-pxppk   1/1     Running            0              6m59s
calico-system      calico-node-6cc8l                          1/1     Running            0              6m59s
calico-system      calico-node-vkvjz                          1/1     Running            0              6m59s
calico-system      calico-node-wvk6q                          1/1     Running            0              6m59s
calico-system      calico-typha-74545574b-6jpgq               1/1     Running            0              6m59s
calico-system      calico-typha-74545574b-vx9kv               1/1     Running            0              6m53s
calico-system      csi-node-driver-7pxtt                      2/2     Running            0              6m59s
calico-system      csi-node-driver-lflc6                      2/2     Running            0              6m59s
calico-system      csi-node-driver-r5npp                      2/2     Running            0              6m59s
kube-flannel       kube-flannel-ds-qf7tg                      0/1     CrashLoopBackOff   6 (5m6s ago)   11m
kube-flannel       kube-flannel-ds-tlczf                      1/1     Running            0              11m
kube-flannel       kube-flannel-ds-xn98c                      1/1     Running            0              11m
kube-system        coredns-76f75df574-q6vps                   1/1     Running            0              16m
kube-system        coredns-76f75df574-srxnf                   1/1     Running            0              16m
kube-system        etcd-k8s-master                            1/1     Running            0              16m
kube-system        kube-apiserver-k8s-master                  1/1     Running            0              16m
kube-system        kube-controller-manager-k8s-master         1/1     Running            0              16m
kube-system        kube-proxy-8t78q                           1/1     Running            0              13m
kube-system        kube-proxy-glwfx                           1/1     Running            0              16m
kube-system        kube-proxy-qg4t7                           1/1     Running            0              13m
kube-system        kube-scheduler-k8s-master                  1/1     Running            0              16m
tigera-operator    tigera-operator-7f8cd97876-7s58q           1/1     Running            0              9m19s
```

注：以后所有yaml文件都只在Master节点执行。
安装目录：/etc/kubernetes/
组件配置文件目录：/etc/kubernetes/manifests/



### 五、测试集群是否正常运行pod

```shell
#创建测试pod nginx
kubectl create deployment web -r 2 --image=nginx

deployment.apps/web created

# 使用nodeport将端口映射出来
kubectl expose deployment web --port=80  --type=NodePort

service/web exposed
```

查看pod运行状态

```
 kubectl get pod,svc

NAME                      READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
pod/web-76fd95c67-ckvcn   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          23s
pod/web-76fd95c67-zl9dz   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          23s

NAME                 TYPE        CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
service/kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1     <none>        443/TCP        17m
service/web          NodePort    10.107.0.63   <none>        80:31129/TCP   11s
```

5.2、命令行测试

```
curl 10.10.14.201:31129
111-test

curl 10.10.14.201:31129
2222-test
```





#### 资料

**KubePi 是一个现代化的 K8s 面板**

https://github.com/1Panel-dev/KubePi



**kubeadm部署kubernetes1.29**

https://blog.csdn.net/ljx1528/article/details/137714292