274 lines
11 KiB
Python
274 lines
11 KiB
Python
import json
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import os
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from datetime import datetime
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class PopulationStatistics:
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def __init__(self, data_file):
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"""初始化人口统计类，加载数据文件"""
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self.data_file = data_file
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self.data = self.load_data()
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self.years = list(range(2015, 2025)) # 2015-2024年
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def load_data(self):
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"""加载人口数据JSON文件"""
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try:
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with open(self.data_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
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return json.load(f)
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except FileNotFoundError:
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print(f"错误：找不到数据文件 {self.data_file}")
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return []
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except json.JSONDecodeError:
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print(f"错误：数据文件 {self.data_file} 格式不正确")
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return []
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def get_province_data(self):
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"""获取云南省全省数据"""
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for item in self.data:
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if item['area_name'] == '云南省' and item['area_code'] == '530000000':
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return item
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return None
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def get_city_data(self, city_name):
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"""获取指定城市的数据"""
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for item in self.data:
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if item['area_name'] == city_name:
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return item
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return None
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def get_all_cities(self):
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"""获取所有地市级城市列表"""
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cities = []
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# 地市级城市的area_code格式为53XX00000
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for item in self.data:
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if len(item['area_code']) == 9 and item['area_code'][-5:] == '00000' and item['area_code'] != '530000000':
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cities.append(item)
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return cities
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def calculate_total_population_by_year(self, level='province'):
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"""按年份计算总人口
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level: 'province'(全省), 'city'(昆明市), 'all_cities'(所有地级市)
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"""
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result = {}
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if level == 'province':
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province_data = self.get_province_data()
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if province_data:
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result = province_data['total_population']
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elif level == 'city':
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city_data = self.get_city_data('昆明市')
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if city_data:
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result = city_data['total_population']
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elif level == 'all_cities':
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cities = self.get_all_cities()
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for year in self.years:
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total = 0
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for city in cities:
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if str(year) in city['total_population']:
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total += city['total_population'][str(year)]
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result[str(year)] = total
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return result
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def calculate_urbanization_trend(self, area_name='云南省'):
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"""计算指定地区的城镇化率趋势"""
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area_data = None
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if area_name == '云南省':
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area_data = self.get_province_data()
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else:
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area_data = self.get_city_data(area_name)
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if area_data and 'urbanization_rate' in area_data:
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return area_data['urbanization_rate']
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return {}
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def compare_city_populations(self, year=2023):
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"""比较指定年份各城市的人口数量"""
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cities = self.get_all_cities()
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result = {}
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for city in cities:
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if str(year) in city['total_population']:
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result[city['area_name']] = city['total_population'][str(year)]
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# 按人口数量排序
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return dict(sorted(result.items(), key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True))
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def calculate_population_growth(self, area_name='云南省', start_year=2020, end_year=2023):
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"""计算指定地区在指定时间段内的人口增长率"""
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area_data = None
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if area_name == '云南省':
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area_data = self.get_province_data()
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else:
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area_data = self.get_city_data(area_name)
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if not area_data:
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return None
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start_pop = area_data['total_population'].get(str(start_year), 0)
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end_pop = area_data['total_population'].get(str(end_year), 0)
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if start_pop == 0:
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return None
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growth_rate = ((end_pop - start_pop) / start_pop) * 100
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return growth_rate
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def analyze_birth_rate(self, area_name='云南省'):
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"""分析指定地区的出生率趋势"""
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area_data = None
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if area_name == '云南省':
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area_data = self.get_province_data()
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else:
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area_data = self.get_city_data(area_name)
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if not area_data or 'birth_population' not in area_data or 'total_population' not in area_data:
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return {}
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birth_rates = {}
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for year in self.years:
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year_str = str(year)
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if year_str in area_data['birth_population'] and year_str in area_data['total_population']:
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birth_pop = area_data['birth_population'][year_str]
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total_pop = area_data['total_population'][year_str]
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# 注意：总人口单位是万人，出生人口单位是个，需要统一单位
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if total_pop > 0 and birth_pop > 0:
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birth_rate = (birth_pop / (total_pop * 10000)) * 1000 # 千分比
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birth_rates[year] = birth_rate
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return birth_rates
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def save_results_to_file(self, results, filename):
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"""将统计结果保存到文件"""
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# 创建结果目录
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result_dir = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(self.data_file), '../Results')
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os.makedirs(result_dir, exist_ok=True)
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# 生成带时间戳的文件名
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timestamp = datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d_%H%M%S')
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full_filename = f"{filename}_{timestamp}.txt"
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full_path = os.path.join(result_dir, full_filename)
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# 保存结果
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with open(full_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
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f.write(f"人口统计结果 - 生成时间：{datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')}\n\n")
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for key, value in results.items():
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if isinstance(value, dict):
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f.write(f"{key}:\n")
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for k, v in value.items():
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f.write(f" {k}: {v}\n")
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else:
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f.write(f"{key}: {value}\n")
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print(f"统计结果已保存至：{full_path}")
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return full_path
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# 主函数演示如何使用这个类
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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# 数据文件路径
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data_file = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '../Data/RenKou.json')
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# 创建统计类实例
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stats = PopulationStatistics(data_file)
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# 检查数据是否成功加载
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if not stats.data:
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print("无法加载数据，程序退出。")
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exit(1)
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# 主菜单
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print("云南省人口数据统计分析工具")
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print("========================")
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while True:
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print("\n请选择要执行的统计分析：")
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print("1. 查看云南省历年总人口统计")
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print("2. 查看昆明市历年总人口统计")
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print("3. 分析云南省城镇化率趋势")
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print("4. 分析昆明市城镇化率趋势")
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print("5. 比较2023年各城市人口数量")
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print("6. 计算云南省2020-2023年人口增长率")
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print("7. 分析云南省出生率趋势")
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print("8. 分析昆明市出生率趋势")
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print("9. 导出所有统计结果")
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print("0. 退出程序")
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choice = input("请输入您的选择（0-9）：")
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if choice == '0':
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print("感谢使用，再见！")
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break
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elif choice == '1':
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result = stats.calculate_total_population_by_year('province')
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print("\n云南省历年总人口统计（单位：万人）：")
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for year, population in result.items():
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print(f"{year}年: {population}")
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elif choice == '2':
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result = stats.calculate_total_population_by_year('city')
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print("\n昆明市历年总人口统计（单位：万人）：")
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for year, population in result.items():
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print(f"{year}年: {population}")
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elif choice == '3':
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result = stats.calculate_urbanization_trend('云南省')
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print("\n云南省历年城镇化率（单位：%）：")
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for year, rate in result.items():
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print(f"{year}年: {rate}")
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elif choice == '4':
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result = stats.calculate_urbanization_trend('昆明市')
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print("\n昆明市历年城镇化率（单位：%）：")
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for year, rate in result.items():
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print(f"{year}年: {rate}")
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elif choice == '5':
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result = stats.compare_city_populations(2023)
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print("\n2023年各城市人口数量排名（单位：万人）：")
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for i, (city, population) in enumerate(result.items(), 1):
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print(f"{i}. {city}: {population}")
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elif choice == '6':
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rate = stats.calculate_population_growth('云南省', 2020, 2023)
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if rate is not None:
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print(f"\n云南省2020-2023年人口增长率: {rate:.2f}%")
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else:
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print("\n无法计算人口增长率")
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elif choice == '7':
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result = stats.analyze_birth_rate('云南省')
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print("\n云南省历年出生率（单位：‰）：")
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for year, rate in result.items():
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print(f"{year}年: {rate:.2f}")
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elif choice == '8':
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result = stats.analyze_birth_rate('昆明市')
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print("\n昆明市历年出生率（单位：‰）：")
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for year, rate in result.items():
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print(f"{year}年: {rate:.2f}")
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elif choice == '9':
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# 收集所有统计结果
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all_results = {
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"云南省历年总人口统计（万人）": stats.calculate_total_population_by_year('province'),
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"昆明市历年总人口统计（万人）": stats.calculate_total_population_by_year('city'),
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"云南省历年城镇化率（%）": stats.calculate_urbanization_trend('云南省'),
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"昆明市历年城镇化率（%）": stats.calculate_urbanization_trend('昆明市'),
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"2023年各城市人口数量排名（万人）": stats.compare_city_populations(2023),
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"云南省2020-2023年人口增长率（%）": stats.calculate_population_growth('云南省', 2020, 2023),
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"云南省历年出生率（‰）": stats.analyze_birth_rate('云南省'),
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"昆明市历年出生率（‰）": stats.analyze_birth_rate('昆明市')
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}
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# 保存结果到文件
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file_path = stats.save_results_to_file(all_results, "population_statistics")
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print(f"\n所有统计结果已保存至文件：{file_path}")
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else:
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print("\n无效的选择，请重新输入。")
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# 等待用户按Enter键继续
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input("\n按Enter键继续...") |