import json import os from datetime import datetime class PopulationStatistics: def __init__(self, data_file): """初始化人口统计类，加载数据文件""" self.data_file = data_file self.data = self.load_data() self.years = list(range(2015, 2025)) # 2015-2024年 def load_data(self): """加载人口数据JSON文件""" try: with open(self.data_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f: return json.load(f) except FileNotFoundError: print(f"错误：找不到数据文件 {self.data_file}") return [] except json.JSONDecodeError: print(f"错误：数据文件 {self.data_file} 格式不正确") return [] def get_province_data(self): """获取云南省全省数据""" for item in self.data: if item['area_name'] == '云南省' and item['area_code'] == '530000000': return item return None def get_city_data(self, city_name): """获取指定城市的数据""" for item in self.data: if item['area_name'] == city_name: return item return None def get_all_cities(self): """获取所有地市级城市列表""" cities = [] # 地市级城市的area_code格式为53XX00000 for item in self.data: if len(item['area_code']) == 9 and item['area_code'][-5:] == '00000' and item['area_code'] != '530000000': cities.append(item) return cities def calculate_total_population_by_year(self, level='province'): """按年份计算总人口 level: 'province'(全省), 'city'(昆明市), 'all_cities'(所有地级市) """ result = {} if level == 'province': province_data = self.get_province_data() if province_data: result = province_data['total_population'] elif level == 'city': city_data = self.get_city_data('昆明市') if city_data: result = city_data['total_population'] elif level == 'all_cities': cities = self.get_all_cities() for year in self.years: total = 0 for city in cities: if str(year) in city['total_population']: total += city['total_population'][str(year)] result[str(year)] = total return result def calculate_urbanization_trend(self, area_name='云南省'): """计算指定地区的城镇化率趋势""" area_data = None if area_name == '云南省': area_data = self.get_province_data() else: area_data = self.get_city_data(area_name) if area_data and 'urbanization_rate' in area_data: return area_data['urbanization_rate'] return {} def compare_city_populations(self, year=2023): """比较指定年份各城市的人口数量""" cities = self.get_all_cities() result = {} for city in cities: if str(year) in city['total_population']: result[city['area_name']] = city['total_population'][str(year)] # 按人口数量排序 return dict(sorted(result.items(), key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)) def calculate_population_growth(self, area_name='云南省', start_year=2020, end_year=2023): """计算指定地区在指定时间段内的人口增长率""" area_data = None if area_name == '云南省': area_data = self.get_province_data() else: area_data = self.get_city_data(area_name) if not area_data: return None start_pop = area_data['total_population'].get(str(start_year), 0) end_pop = area_data['total_population'].get(str(end_year), 0) if start_pop == 0: return None growth_rate = ((end_pop - start_pop) / start_pop) * 100 return growth_rate def analyze_birth_rate(self, area_name='云南省'): """分析指定地区的出生率趋势""" area_data = None if area_name == '云南省': area_data = self.get_province_data() else: area_data = self.get_city_data(area_name) if not area_data or 'birth_population' not in area_data or 'total_population' not in area_data: return {} birth_rates = {} for year in self.years: year_str = str(year) if year_str in area_data['birth_population'] and year_str in area_data['total_population']: birth_pop = area_data['birth_population'][year_str] total_pop = area_data['total_population'][year_str] # 注意：总人口单位是万人，出生人口单位是个，需要统一单位 if total_pop > 0 and birth_pop > 0: birth_rate = (birth_pop / (total_pop * 10000)) * 1000 # 千分比 birth_rates[year] = birth_rate return birth_rates def save_results_to_file(self, results, filename): """将统计结果保存到文件""" # 创建结果目录 result_dir = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(self.data_file), '../Results') os.makedirs(result_dir, exist_ok=True) # 生成带时间戳的文件名 timestamp = datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d_%H%M%S') full_filename = f"{filename}_{timestamp}.txt" full_path = os.path.join(result_dir, full_filename) # 保存结果 with open(full_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f: f.write(f"人口统计结果 - 生成时间：{datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')}\n\n") for key, value in results.items(): if isinstance(value, dict): f.write(f"{key}:\n") for k, v in value.items(): f.write(f" {k}: {v}\n") else: f.write(f"{key}: {value}\n") print(f"统计结果已保存至：{full_path}") return full_path # 主函数演示如何使用这个类 if __name__ == "__main__": # 数据文件路径 data_file = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '../Data/RenKou.json') # 创建统计类实例 stats = PopulationStatistics(data_file) # 检查数据是否成功加载 if not stats.data: print("无法加载数据，程序退出。") exit(1) # 主菜单 print("云南省人口数据统计分析工具") print("========================") while True: print("\n请选择要执行的统计分析：") print("1. 查看云南省历年总人口统计") print("2. 查看昆明市历年总人口统计") print("3. 分析云南省城镇化率趋势") print("4. 分析昆明市城镇化率趋势") print("5. 比较2023年各城市人口数量") print("6. 计算云南省2020-2023年人口增长率") print("7. 分析云南省出生率趋势") print("8. 分析昆明市出生率趋势") print("9. 导出所有统计结果") print("0. 退出程序") choice = input("请输入您的选择（0-9）：") if choice == '0': print("感谢使用，再见！") break elif choice == '1': result = stats.calculate_total_population_by_year('province') print("\n云南省历年总人口统计（单位：万人）：") for year, population in result.items(): print(f"{year}年: {population}") elif choice == '2': result = stats.calculate_total_population_by_year('city') print("\n昆明市历年总人口统计（单位：万人）：") for year, population in result.items(): print(f"{year}年: {population}") elif choice == '3': result = stats.calculate_urbanization_trend('云南省') print("\n云南省历年城镇化率（单位：%）：") for year, rate in result.items(): print(f"{year}年: {rate}") elif choice == '4': result = stats.calculate_urbanization_trend('昆明市') print("\n昆明市历年城镇化率（单位：%）：") for year, rate in result.items(): print(f"{year}年: {rate}") elif choice == '5': result = stats.compare_city_populations(2023) print("\n2023年各城市人口数量排名（单位：万人）：") for i, (city, population) in enumerate(result.items(), 1): print(f"{i}. {city}: {population}") elif choice == '6': rate = stats.calculate_population_growth('云南省', 2020, 2023) if rate is not None: print(f"\n云南省2020-2023年人口增长率: {rate:.2f}%") else: print("\n无法计算人口增长率") elif choice == '7': result = stats.analyze_birth_rate('云南省') print("\n云南省历年出生率（单位：‰）：") for year, rate in result.items(): print(f"{year}年: {rate:.2f}") elif choice == '8': result = stats.analyze_birth_rate('昆明市') print("\n昆明市历年出生率（单位：‰）：") for year, rate in result.items(): print(f"{year}年: {rate:.2f}") elif choice == '9': # 收集所有统计结果 all_results = { "云南省历年总人口统计（万人）": stats.calculate_total_population_by_year('province'), "昆明市历年总人口统计（万人）": stats.calculate_total_population_by_year('city'), "云南省历年城镇化率（%）": stats.calculate_urbanization_trend('云南省'), "昆明市历年城镇化率（%）": stats.calculate_urbanization_trend('昆明市'), "2023年各城市人口数量排名（万人）": stats.compare_city_populations(2023), "云南省2020-2023年人口增长率（%）": stats.calculate_population_growth('云南省', 2020, 2023), "云南省历年出生率（‰）": stats.analyze_birth_rate('云南省'), "昆明市历年出生率（‰）": stats.analyze_birth_rate('昆明市') } # 保存结果到文件 file_path = stats.save_results_to_file(all_results, "population_statistics") print(f"\n所有统计结果已保存至文件：{file_path}") else: print("\n无效的选择，请重新输入。") # 等待用户按Enter键继续 input("\n按Enter键继续...")